Англо-русский словарь - by
Связанные словари
Перевод с английского языка by на русский
by
word of mouth устно
BY dint of (употр. как предлог) посредством, путем
BY wholesale оптом; в больших количествах
BY
1. prep.
1) в пространственном значении указывает на:
а) близость у, при, около; a house by the river дом у реки; a path by the river тропинка вдоль берега реки;
б) прохождение мимо предмета или через определенное место мимо; we went by the house мы прошли мимо дома; we travelled by a village мы проехали через деревню
2) во временном значении указывает на приближение к определенному моменту, сроку и т.п. к by tomorrow - к завтрашнему дню by five oclock - к пяти часам; by then к тому времени
3) указывает на автора; передается тв. или род. падежом: a book by Tolstoy - книга, написанная Толстым, произведение Толстого the book was written by a famous writer - книга была написана знаменитым писателем
4) указывает на средство передвижения; передается тв. падежом by plane - самолетом; by air mail воздушной почтой; авиапочтой
5) указывает на причину, источник через, посредством, от, по to know by experience - знать по опыту to perish by starvation - погибнуть от голода
6) указывает на меры веса, длины и т.п. в, на, по; передается тж. тв. падежом by the yard - в ярдах, ярдами by the pound - в фунтах, фунтами
7) указывает на характер действия by chance - случайно by the law - по закону by chute, by gravity - самотеком
8) указывает на соответствие, согласованность по; согласно by agreement - по договору by your leave - с вашего разрешения
9) указывает на соотношение между сравниваемыми величинами на by two years older - старше на два года - by George - by the way - by the by - by and large
2. adv.
1) близко, рядом
2) мимо she passed by - она прошла мимо - by and by
BY a fluke по счастливой случайности
BY a hairbreadth самую малость
BY a long shot намного
BY a negligible margin совсем незначительно, ненамного
BY accident случайно, нечаянно
BY all accounts по общим отзывам
BY all means
а) любым способом;
б) любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало;
в) конечно, пожалуйста;
BY and by вскоре
BY and large в общем и целом, в общем
BY any means каким бы то ни было образом;
BY attorney по доверенности, через поверенного (не лично)
BY cable по телеграфу the messages have come by cable сообщения пришли /переданы/ по телеграфу
BY chance случайно
BY common consent с общего согласия
BY degrees постепенно
BY deputy по доверенности, по уполномочию
BY design (пред)намеренно
BY way of
а) ради, с целью;
б) в виде, в качестве
BY dribblets небольшими частями, по капельке
BY fair means честным путем
BY far намного to surpass by far намного превзойти to prefer by far отдавать серьезное предпочтение
BY feel на ощупь
BY force силой, насильно by force of (arms) силой, посредством (оружия) he did it by force of habit он сделал это в силу привычки
BY George ей-богу!
BY guess наугад
BY hand
а) от руки; ручным способом
б) самолично
BY implication косвенно
BY inadvertence по неосторожности
BY indirection косвенно
BY inheritance по наследству
BY interaction косвенно
BY Jesus ей-богу
BY lamplight при искусственном освещении
BY long odds значительно, решительно; несомненно
BY means of... посредством...;
BY mischance к несчастью, по несчастной случайности
BY mistake по ошибке
BY mouth устно
BY name по имени;
BY nature по природе, от рождения;
BY night
а) в течение ночи; ночью;
б) под покровом ночи;
BY no means
а) никоим образом; ни в коем случае;
б) нисколько, отнюдь не;
BY now к этому времени;
BY one venter leg. единоутробный
BY perforce по необходимости
BY power механической силой, приводом от двигателя;
BY previous appointment по (предварительной) записи (у врача и т.п.)
BY right or wrong всеми правдами и неправдами
BY rule по (установленным) правилам;
BY sheer force одной только силой
BY the break of day на рассвете
BY the by кстати, между прочим
BY the day поденно
BY the dozen дюжинами
BY the fireside у камелька
BY the job сдельно, поурочно (об оплате)
BY the phone по телефону;
BY the way кстати, между прочим
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См. в других словарях
1.
1. лежащий в стороне 2. второстепенный, необязательный 3. мимо he passed by without a word —- он прошел мимо, не сказав ни слова I can't get by —- я не мог пройти in days gone by —- в давние времена, очень давно time went by —- время прошло 4. близко, рядом no one was by —- рядом никого не было to stand by —- стоять рядом 5. в сторону stand (step) by! —- отойдите!, посторонитесь! 6. придает глаголам to put, to set, to lay значение: откладывать to put by money —- копить деньги put this work by for the moment —- отложите пока эту работу 7. ам. разг. внутрь, в дом come by —- зайди, когда будешь проходить мимо stop by —- загляни 8. уст. кроме того 9. в сочетаниях: by and by —- вскоре; уст. немедленно, сразу by and large —- ам. вообще говоря, в общем stand by! —- мор. приготовиться! by the by —- кстати, между прочим 10. в пространственном значении указывает на: 11. местонахождение вблизи чего-л.: 12. у, около, рядом, возле, при by the fire —- у (около) огня by the sea —- у моря, на берегу моря by the side of the road —- у обочины дороги to sit by smb. (by smb.'s side) —- сидеть рядом с кем-л. (около кого-л.) to stand by smb. —- стоять рядом с кем-л.; поддерживать кого-л., помогать кому-л. 13. движение мимо или вдоль предмета: 14. мимо, вдоль a path by the river —- тропинка вдоль реки to walk by smb., smth. —- пройти мимо кого-л., чего-л....Новый большой англо-русский словарь
Большой Англо-русский Русско-английский политехнический словарь
3.
prep., adv., & n. --prep. 1 near, beside, in the region of (stand by the door; sit by me; path by the river). 2 through the agency, means, instrumentality, or causation of (by proxy; bought by a millionaire; a poem by Donne; went by bus; succeeded by persisting; divide four by two). 3 not later than; as soon as (by next week; by now; by the time he arrives). 4 a past, beyond (drove by the church; came by us). b passing through; via (went by Paris). 5 in the circumstances of (by day; by daylight). 6 to the extent of (missed by a foot; better by far). 7 according to; using as a standard or unit (judge by appearances; paid by the hour). 8 with the succession of (worse by the minute; day by day; one by one). 9 concerning; in respect of (did our duty by them; Smith by name; all right by me). 10 used in mild oaths (orig. = as surely as one believes in) (by God; by gum; swear by all that is sacred). 11 placed between specified lengths in two directions (three feet by two). 12 avoiding, ignoring (pass by him; passed us by). 13 inclining to (north by north-west). --adv. 1 near (sat by, watching; lives close by). 2 aside; in reserve (put {pound}5 by). 3 past (they marched by). --n. = BYE. Phrases and idioms by and by before long; eventually. by and large on the whole, everything considered. by the by (or bye) incidentally, parenthetically. by oneself 1 a unaided. b without prompting. 2 alone; without company. Etymology: OE bi, bi, be f. Gmc ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
I. preposition Etymology: Middle English, preposition & adverb, from Old English, preposition, be, bi; akin to Old High German bi ~, near, Latin ambi- on both sides, around, Greek amphi Date: before 12th century 1. in proximity to ; near standing ~ the window 2. a. through or through the medium of ; via enter ~ the door b. in the direction of ; toward north ~ east c. into the vicinity of and beyond ; past went right ~ him 3. a. during the course of studied ~ night b. not later than ~ 2 p.m. 4. a. through the agency or instrumentality of ~ force b. born or begot of c. sired or borne ~ 5. with the witness or sanction of swear ~ all that is holy 6. a. in conformity with acted ~ the rules b. according to called her ~ name 7. a. on behalf of did right ~ his children b. with respect to a lawyer ~ profession 8. a. in or to the amount or extent of win ~ a nose b. chiefly Scottish in comparison with ; beside 9. — used as a function word to indicate successive units or increments little ~ little walk two ~ two 10. — used as a function word in multiplication, in division, and in measurements divide a ~ b multiply 10 ~ 4 a room 15 feet ~ 20 feet 11. in the opinion of ; from the point of view of okay ~ me II. adverb Date: before 12th century 1. a. close at hand ; near b. at or to another's home stop ~ 2. past saw him go ~ 3. aside, away III. adjective or ~e Date: 14th century 1. being off the main route ; side 2. incidental IV. noun or ~e (plural ~es) Date: 1567 something of secondary importance ; a side issue V. interjection or ~e Etymology: short for good~e Date: 1709 — used to express farewell; often used with following now ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
5.
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English. Note: In addition to the uses shown below, 'by' is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘abide by’, ‘put by’, and ‘stand by’. 1. If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. The feast was served by his mother and sisters... I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism... The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now. PREP 2. If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. ...a painting by Van Gogh... ‘Jacob’s Ladder’, the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story. PREP 3. If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. We’ll be travelling by car. ...dinners by candlelight. PREP 4. If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan... The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world... By using the air ambulance to transport patients between hospitals, they can save up to ?15,000 per patient. PREP: PREP -ing 5. You use by in phrases such as ‘by chance’ or ‘by accident’ to indicate whether or not an event was planned. I met him by chance out walking yesterday... He opened Ingrid’s letter by mistake... Whether by design or accident his timing was perfect. PREP 6. If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature... She’s a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women... Her parents were in fact American by birth. PREP: adj/n PREP n 7. If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
6.
~1 prep 1 used especially with a passive1 (2) v to show the person or thing that does something or makes something happen (I was attacked by a dog. | The building was designed by a famous architect. | We are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime.) 2 using or doing a particular thing (You can reserve the tickets by phone. | Send it by airmail. | I know her by sight. (=recognize her face) | by doing sth) (She earns her living by selling insurance. | by train/plane/car) (We're travelling to London by train.) 3 passing through or along a particular place (They came in by the back door. | It's quicker to go by the country route.) 4 beside or near something (She stood by the window looking out over the fields. | Jane went and sat by Patrick.) 5 if you move or travel by someone or something, you go past them without stopping (He walked by without noticing me. | I go by the Vicarage every day on my way to work.) 6 used to show the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a film, wrote a piece of music etc (the `New World Symphony' by Dvorak) 7 not later than a particular time date etc (The documents need to be ready by next Friday. | I reckon the film should be over by 9.30.) 8 according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things (You've got to play by the rules. | Profits were $6 million, but by their standards this is low.) 9 used to show the amount or degree of something (The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel. | I was overcharged by $3. | by far (=by a large amount or degree)) (Godard's first film was better by far.) 10 used to show the part of a piece of equipment or of someone's body that someone takes or holds (He took her by the arm and led her across the road. | She grabbed the hammer by the handle.) 11 used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises (By God, I'll kill that boy when I see him!) 12 used between two numbers that you are multiplying or dividing (What's 48 divided by 4?) 13 used when giving the measurements of a room, container etc (a room 15 metres by 23...Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
7.
mil. abbr. Budget Year country abbr. Belarus univ. abbr. Brigham Young gen. bus. abbr. Brand Y NYSE symbols Bway Corporation ...English abbreviation dictionary
8.
See: TOO --- BY HALF. BY or in my book {adv. phr.} In my opinion; as far as I am concerned; in my judgment. * /By my book, Mr. Murgatroyd is not a very good department head./ ...Английский словарь американских идиом
9.
- O.E. be (unstressed) or bi (stressed), from P.Gmc. *bi "around, about," from *umbi, from PIE *ambhi "around." Originally an adverbial particle of place, in which sense it is retained in place names (Whitby, Grimsby, etc.). Eliptical use for "secondary course" (opposed to main) was in O.E. Bygone is in M.E.; by-product is from 1857; bystander from 1619; bypass is 1848 of certain pipes in a gasworks, 1922 for "road for the relief of congestion." Phrase by and by (M.E.) originally meant "one by one," modern sense is from 1526. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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